了解命题规律—MBA英译汉

  英汉翻译近年真题

  【2008】

  The term business model first came into widespread use with the invention of the personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? --and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.

  "商业模式"这一术语最先是随着计算机和空白表格程序的问世而广泛传播的。在空白表格程序出现之前,商业计划往往意味着就某种情况提出一种单一的预测。你充其量只能对项目做出一些敏感性分析。而空白表格程序为计划引入了更全面的分析方法,因为表格的每个主要列项可以拆开,因而可以分析和测试其成分和细节。你可以对你的企业所依赖的关键假设做出推测:如果-什么型推测。比如,顾客对价格的敏感度要是超过了我们的想象,我们该怎么办?你只需敲几下键盘就可以看到整体中各个组成部分所起的任何变化。换言之,你可以制定商业行为的模式。计算机改变了商业计划的本质,在此之前,绝大多数成功商业模式的形成是出于偶然,而非事先精心设计。空白表格程序能使企业把对市场的洞察与随之而来的经济活动更紧密地联系起来,因而能够事先制定出商业模式。

  【2009】

  With the nation's financial system teetering(蹒跚) on a cliff, the compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.

  Bankers' excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued to others in the past. In this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.

  Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back, dividing the loans and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, which took advantage of the same high-tech securitization(证券化) to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.

  Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue's, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.

  国家金融体系摇摇欲坠/岌岌可危,使得大银行和其他金融公司主管人员的薪酬问题再次受到严密的检查。

  造成这次金融危机的一个重要原因是银行家过度的冒险,这种冒险在过去已造成其他一些危机。这一次,低利率使危机火上浇油,而债务驱动的泡沫经济造成的虚假安全感又进一步推波助澜。

  抵押贷方很乐意为无力偿还资金的人提供巨额贷款,将款项分割转卖给金融链上的下家机构,而这些机构再利用相同的高科技证券化手段,附加了风险更大、以抵押为基础的资产。

  这些极不负责的做法把银行引向了险路,金融管理部门将不得不及时采取措施,以期避免下一场可能会涉及各类金融技术和各种不同资产的金融危机。不过,检查一下这些薪酬方案的根源也值得一做。因为这些方案与短期的利润和财政收入挂钩,因而对银行家不负责任的冒险起到了鼓励作用。

  【2010】

  "Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

  Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.

  It didn't go well. "It was a really ban move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, 'Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.'"

  当今,"承受力"已经成为了一个流行的词语。但是,对Ted Ning来说,他对这个词有着自身的体会。在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以承受的生活之后,他清楚地意识到,以承受力导向的生活价值需要通过日常的行动和抉择加以体现。

  Ning回忆了在20世纪90年代末他在困惑中度过了一年,那年他从事保险销售工作,经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后,他非常渴望得到一份工作,于是和一家Boulder经销商签了合同。

  事情进展并不顺利。Ning说:"那的确是很糟糕的一种变动,我对那份工作没有热情。"可以想象,他这种工作上的窘境造成销售业绩不佳。他说:"很惨,我非常焦虑,常常会在半夜醒来,盯着天花板。没有钱,我需要这份工作。每个人都会说'等吧,总会有转机的,给点时间吧。"'

  【2011】

  Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?

  Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

  However, Google and other big tech-providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.

  英译汉之英汉对比

  一、英语重结构,语重语义

  Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and the digital age will have arrived.

  儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为l工作伙伴而不是是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,到那时数字化时代就来到了。

  二、 英语多长句, 汉语多短句

  Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

  人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣,这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战,还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

  三、英语多从句,汉语多分句

  On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

  总的来说,得出这样一个结论是有一定把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:一是能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同;二是他并没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

  四、英语多代词,汉语多名饲

  There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

  届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车,一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规),监测器就会使其停驶。

  五、英语多被动,汉语多主动

  And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.

  许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比,并且这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

  New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past.

  必须找到新的能源,这需要时间,而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。

  六、英语多抽象,汉语多具体

  Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food".

  【原译】除非人类有这样的感觉,把人口减少到这样的点,使地球能为大家提供舒适的支持,否则人们将不得不接受更多的"非自然的食物"。

  【具体化】除非人类最终意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度---使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食,否则人们将不得不接受更多的"人造食品"。

  total exhaustion筋疲力尽

  far-sightedness远见卓识

  careful consideration深思熟虑

  perfect harmony水乳交融

  feed on fancies画饼充饥

  with great eagerness如饥似渴

  lack of perseverance三天打鱼,两天晒网

  await with great anxiety望穿秋水

  make a little contribution添砖加瓦

  on the verge of destruction危在旦夕

  七、英语多引串,汉语多推理

  This is the surest guarantee that we shall be successful.

  这是我们取得成功最可靠的保证。

  He made a sure step out of the mud.

  他从泥淖中跨出了稳健的一步。

  She had a sure grasp of the subject.

  她对于这门学科的知识掌握得很牢固。

  He is very sure in his beliefs.

  他的信仰十分坚定。

  While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

  尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多,现代实践最符合这样一种定义,即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。

  八、英语多前重心,汉语多后重心

  There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

  方法论究竟是指一般历史研究中独有的概念,还是指历史研究中适合各个分支的研究方法,人们对此还没有一致意见。

  英译汉四步定位翻译法

  一、结构分析

  1. 句子的主干(简单句和复合句)

  2. 修饰语(定语、状语和插入语)

  二、句子切分

  Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices / that led banks down this road, / in hopes of averting the next crisis, /which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes / that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, / and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible levels of risk.

  金融管理规定必须能应对这种最不负责任的并导致银行损失惨重的做法,以期扭转下-个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的金融技术和资产。但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任地甘冒风险。

  三、词义推敲

  词义推敲包括把代词译成名词、把被动变成主动、把变化处理成重复、把抽象化为具体、把省略掉的东西补充进来、把整个句子试译出来等方面。

  四、检查核对

  1.代词翻译是否到位;

  2.名词翻译是否正确;

  3.动词翻译是否准确;

  4.修饰语与修饰对象是否能很好地搭配;

  5.从句与主句的逻辑关系是否出错;

  6.惯用法是否译得符合中文习惯;

  7.整个译文有无常识错误或者逻辑错误;

  8.整个译文是否完整;

  9.整个句子是否通顺。

  MBA联考英译汉技能训练

  1. Euro's Fall

  In economic, financial and business terms, the euro's first year has been a thrilling success. As predicted, Europe's new single currency has changed the face of finance in Euroland. Explosive growth in the corporate bond market is fueling a boom in the mergers and acquisitions activity necessary to restructure corporate Europe. Medium-sized companies and would-be start-ups once reliant on local bankers for funds can now go directly to institutional investors. But from its birth, the euro has been viewed by the E.U.'s leading politicians as an icon(标志) of the Continent's newfound unity and ability to stand up to America. Indeed, foreign investors do have growing doubts about Euroland's readiness to restructure its still too cozy(良好的) economy. As long as that is the cause, the euro will suffer ----and so will its political fathers. But the weak euro will help bolster(活跃) economic activity by boosting exports. And the euro zone's bond and stock markets will become more active as they shrug off the exchange rate plight.

  从经济、金融和商务的角度来说,欧元发行的第一年十分成功,令人振奋。正如预测的那样,欧洲统一的货币改变了欧洲大陆的金融面貌。企业债券市场的迅猛增长促进了企业之间的合并和兼并,而这正是欧洲企业的结构调整必须做的。中型企业和即将创立的新兴公司过去依靠当地的银行获得资金,现在则可以直接转向机构投资者。欧元自从问世起,就被各国领导者认为标志着欧洲大陆达成前所未有的统一从而足以与美国相抗衡。外国投资者的确渐渐在怀疑欧洲大陆是否打算调整目前形势仍然良好的经济。但只要欧元是怀疑的动因,欧元就必然会走下坡路,促成欧元诞生的政治人士也会受到责难。但是欧元疲软却会促进出口,从而使经济更为活跃。欧元区债券和股票市场如果能摆脱汇率低迷的困境,交易也会更为活跃。

  2. Japan's Economy

  Japan's once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if ---and the warning is a big one ---firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japan's life-time employment system is visibly unraveling(解体), many economists still doubt whether soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to reduce payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result, from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high. Critics believed it would also cap gains in profits margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japan's jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 percent peak hit the in US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year recession.

  如果日本各公司效仿西方国家,通过大幅度裁员来增加利润,日本一度令人羡慕的低失业率将飙升至两位数,这是一个严重的警告。尽管日本的终生雇佣制度明显正在解体,但是刺激经济需要裁员,而社会和政治上却要求保留工作岗位,两者互相冲突,因而许多经济学家仍无法断定日本是否会出现失业率急剧上升的局面,许多人担心失业率已经达到历史最高点,如果再增长一倍,就会导致社会不安定,因而以较为温和的方式调整经济,才可以缓解这个问题。评论家们认为这还会限制利润增长,抑制经济活力,如果不大胆采取措施引进增长型产业,情况会更糟。一些经济学家认为,如果采用不同的方法计算,那么,按照美国标准,日本的失业率已接近7%,与1992年美国7. 8%的最高失业率相去不远,而当时美国已开始走出两年的经济衰退期。

  3. Going Global

  Even as its white-hot economy continues to outpace the rest of the world, China is setting the stage for a shift in priorities. Buoyed(支撑) by an incredible $ 403 billion in foreign reserves, Chinese companies are going on a shopping spree(大肆花钱), with a wide range of elite mainland brands establishing footholds abroad. Leading state enterprises are scouting for overseas partners or takeover targets that offer technology, raw materials and inroads into new markets. Its foreign investments are binding together emerging markets into a kind of global supply chain, while picking off distressed companies for their technology, brands or markets. To quell(缓解) fears of Chinese domination, Beijing promotes a theory it calls "peaceful emergence, which holds that its rise will lift all boats. Unlike the industrialized world, where the People's Republic has been demonized for stealing jobs from America and Europe, poor countries see China as a crucial consumer of primary commodities from oil to timber to cotton, and as a counterweight to Western nations.

  That has eased any frictions that might otherwise have been engendered by China's bids to purchase auto works, refineries, port facilities and telecom networks, or to make exclusive deals for raw materials. The ultimate purpose, of course, is to strengthen domestic businesses. Though China is flush with money to spend, its leaders know spending too much at home could overheat economy, add upward pressure on the renminbi and undermine China's competitiveness as a cheap labor haven. An army of Chinese firms have, under their banners, become world-beating makers of refrigerators, microwave ovens and TVs. Dizzy at the prospect of tapping China's vast market, most multinationals are myopic(近视的) when it comes to the emergence of Chinese companies as a powerful rivals-not only within China but also throughout the global market.

  中国白热化的经济发展继续超越其他国家和地区,但是现在中国开始重新调整发展的优先次序。中国的公司外汇储备数量惊人,已经达到4030亿美元,在强大的储备支持下,各大公司纷纷在海外进行购买兼并,使大量大陆知名品牌在境外扎根落户。中国的大企业四处出击,寻求海外合作伙伴或兼并目标,以获取技术、原材料,进军新市场。中国的海外投资把新兴市场连接成了全球供应链,,而淘汰一些陷于困境的公司,获取其技术、品牌和市场。为了缓解对于中国统领全球经济的恐惧,中国提出"和平崛起"的理论,宣传中国的崛起可以促进各国发展。工业化国家视中国为恶魔,认为中国从美国和欧洲窃取了就业机会,而与之不同的是,贫穷国家把中国视为原油、木材、棉花等初级商品的主要消费国家,认为中国是可以和西方国家相抗衡的国家。这就缓解了许多本来可能引发的一些矛盾,因为中国竞标购买汽车厂、炼油厂、港口设施、电信网络,或者垄断购买原材料,本可导致摩擦的产生。当然主要的目标还是要加强国内的发展。中国目前资金充裕,但领导层知道国内开支过大会导致经济过热,增加人民币升值的压力,削弱中国作为廉价劳动力国家的竞争力。一大批中国公司高举着本国旗帜,在冰箱、微波炉和电视等行业成为世界领先的生产商。中国公司不仅在中国,而且在全球市场都将成为强大的竞争对手,大多数跨国公司仅仅看到开发巨大的中国市场的诱人前景,那就未免鼠目寸光了。

  4. Governmental Expenditure

  The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure's major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.

  A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection: through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.

  政府投资对于整个经济的影响作用,受到以下两个因素的制约。第一,政府投资之时劳动力和资本的利用情况;第二,接受投资的经济体。如果整个经济或接受主要投资的经济体充分或接近充分发挥效能,那么政府投资的效力不会很大,所以资本和劳动力也不会得到充分利用。而如果经济潜能并未充分发挥,政府投资则会真正促进GNP的增长。对于政府增加投资而产生的影响,衡量标准并非在于最初的投资数额,而在于这一投资经过多次投入而产生的长期影响。在理想的情况下,最初的收入增长产生的税收会超过最初的"负债投入"或"减免的税收"。这样,赤字不仅小于GNP的增长,而且得到了补偿。凯恩斯的经济学理论认为,政府决策的重点并非在于平衡赤字,而在于生产力没有得到充分发挥,失业率居高不下之时加大投入。传统的经济理论错误地认为政府必须发挥类似公司的职能,尽力平衡赤字,而联邦资金投入可以促进生产能力,使传统的理论不攻自破。

  5. In-state Tuition

  For decades, in-state tuition was the one advantage big state schools had that even the Ivy League(常青藤联合会的名牌大学) couldn't match, in terms of recruiting the best and the brightest to their campuses. But these days, that's no longer necessarily the case. Starting this September, some students will find a Harvard degree cheaper than one from many public universities. Harvard officials sent shock waves through academia last December by detailing a new financial-aid policy that will charge families making up t0 $180,000 just 10% of their household income per year, substantially subsidizing the annual cost of more than $45,600 for all but its wealthiest students. The move was just the latest in what has amounted to a financial-aid bidding war in recent years among the U. S.'s elite universities.

  Though Harvard's is the most generous to date, Princeton, Yale and Stanford have all launched similar plans to cap tuition contributions for students from low-and middle-income families. Indeed, students on financial aid at nearly every Ivy stand a good chance of graduating debt-free,thanks to loan-elimination programs introduced over the past five years. And other exclusive schools have followed their lead by replacing loans with grants and work-study aid. And several more schools are joining the no-loan club this fall. Even more schools have taken steps to reduce debt among their neediest students.

  话说州内居民上大学的学费。几十年来,这是大型州立大学在招收顶尖学生方面所具有的一大优势,就连常春藤联合会的名牌大学也无法与之媲美。但是,近来州立大学未必再有这一优势。从今年9月开始,一些学生会发现在哈佛大学念学位,其学费要比许多公立大学便宜。去年12月,哈佛的行政管理人员详细介绍了一项新的助学政策,学校向家庭收入在18万美元以下的学生所收的学费只占其家庭年收入的10%,从而为除来自最富家庭的学生以外的所有学生每年超过45600美元的费用提供了相当大的资助。哈佛的这一举措给学界造成了冲击波。而这个举措只不过是近年来美国名牌大学之间所进行的为学生提供资助的争夺战中最新的一个例子。

  虽然迄今为止哈佛提供的资助最为慷慨,但是普林斯顿、耶鲁和斯坦福也已经推出了类似的计划,为来自低收入和中等收入家庭的学生在学费上提供更多的资助。确实,在几乎每一所常春藤大学,得到资助的学生多亏了过去5年所实施的消除贷款的方案,大有可能在毕业时不欠债务,其他收费昂贵的学校也随后跟进,以助学金和工读资助取代贷款。今年秋季,有好几所学校将加入无贷款的行列,甚至还有更多的学校业已采取措施为其家境最困难的学生减轻债务。

  6. Expansion of European Union

  European governments are toughing up policies to deter and deport(遏制和驱逐) illegal immigrants and false asylum seekers(政治避难者). While tabloids(小报) warn of potential migration problems within the enlarged E. U. , European governments are getting tougher on the illegal immigrants and asylum seekers from the rest of the world. The Netherlands, long regarded as among the world's most tolerant and liberal societies, last week passed a law allowing the mass deportation of up t0 26,000 asylum seekers, most of whom are expected to have their residency applications rejected despite the fact that thousands have lived in the country for more than five years.

  Keeping out foreigners has long been a subtle issue in European politics. But May 1, the date when 10 new, relatively poor countries join the E. U., is bringing a new intensity to dire warnings about a flood of low-paid workers from the East stealing jobs and benefits from the more prosperous West. Between those two visions ---a flood of benefit-seeking immigrants heading West and nightmare of exploitation in a rich land ---lies Europe's economic and social future.

  Migration is a perfect topic for appeals to the political gut. Many nations in Europe haven't adjusted from being sources of emigrants to being magnets for newcomers from different cultures. And because no one can say how many migrants will decide to decamp(撤离), where they'll go or for how long, it's impossible to counter fear with facts.

  欧洲各国政府正在强化移民政策,以遏制和驱逐非法移民和假冒的政治避难者。许多小报警告欧盟扩容可能会带来移民问题,欧洲各国政府对于欧洲以外国家的非法移民和政治避难者的态度更加强硬。荷兰长期以来被视为世界上最为宽容和自由的社会之一,但是上周荷兰通过一项法令,大规模驱逐2万6千名政治避难者,这些人中大多数居留申请将遭到拒绝,尽管有数千人在荷兰的居住期已经达到五年以上。

  如何阻止外国人入境一直是欧洲各国头痛不已的问題。。5月1日有10个相对穷困的国家将加入欧盟,从而会使局势更为严峻。大量低收入的工人将从东部流入富裕的西部窃取工作和福利。欧洲的经济和社会前景可能使大量淘金的移民涌入西部,可能是富饶的大陆出现剥削的噩梦。

  移民问題是引发政治关注的最好话題,许多欧洲国家曾是移民输出的国家,现在却将吸引多种文化背景的移民进入,对此它们尚未做好准备。没有人能断言有多少移民会决定撤离,将去向何方,移民潮又将为时多久,因而还无法用事实来缓解人们的忧虑。

  7. Soaking in Spam

  The net is going under the weight of billions of unsolicited(不请自来的) bulk e-mail ads. Richter's indifference and general visibility ---his phone number is posted on his Web site ---suggests an unpleasant fact about the eternal cat-and-mouse game that the Internet's spam(垃圾邮件) war has become: the vicious mouse is winning, and it's not even a close race. In the past two years spam has congested the Internet, threatened to overwhelm Internet service providers and sent Web surfers of sensitive disposition fleeing from their computers in embarrassment. The forces who say they hate spam ---politicians, tech companies, e-mail users and anti-spam vigilantes(斗士) who spend their own time and money trying to clean up the Net ---haven't managed to make a dent in the problem. Current approaches aren't working; even though home users and many companies started filtering their e-mail two years ago, the overall amount of junk mail has ballooned exponentially(成倍地). Filtering and antivirus companies always seem one step most individual lawsuits against spammers have been defeated, settled or concluded with penalties unpaid and bulk e-mailing operations open for business. Current weapons aren't working ---but there' s hope.

  数十亿封不请自来的广告电子邮件使网络不堪重负。罗切特的电话号码贴在网站上,人人可见但罗切特并不在意,这说明了因特网的垃圾邮件战已经成为一场永远的猫捉老鼠的游戏,而邪恶的老鼠却是赢家,而且胜负悬殊很大,远非势均力敌。在过去的两年中,垃圾邮件阻塞了网络,使网络服务务商束手无策,使较为敏感的网上冲浪者尴尬地逃离电脑。那些声称憎恨垃圾邮件的人,无论是政客,技术公司、电子邮件使用者,还是花费时间和资金清理网络的反对垃圾邮件的斗士,都未能彻底地解决这个问题。目前的许多方法都未能收到成效,尽管两年前许多国内的网民和公司开始过滤邮件,垃圾邮件的数量还是成倍地飞速增长。垃圾邮件的制造者往往聪明过人,方法迅速更新发展,而过滤邮件公司和杀毒公司总是落后一步。大多数个人针对垃圾邮件的法庭诉讼要么以败诉告终,要么虽然胜诉赔款却得不到执行,电子邮件公司照旧营运。目前的武器都没有威力,但是希望尚存。